Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants Sold in Herb Shops

Authors

  • Akbari, Fatemeh PhD Student in Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • Godarzi, Saied Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  • Azadbakht, Masoud Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Systematics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  • Azadbakht, Mohammad Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • Davoodi, Ali PhD Student in Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  • Ebrahimi, Fatemeh Pharmacy Student, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Abstract:

 Background and purpose: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of chemical compounds that are seen as secondary metabolites in different plant families. These compounds can cause liver, kidney, and lung damages and their presence in various herbal products increases the risk of injury. This study aimed at performing qualitative and quantitative evaluation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants in herb shops in Sari, north of Iran. Materials and methods: Hundred twenty-six herbal samples were collected from herb shops in Sari, Iran 2018. Ehrlich reagent was used for qualitative evaluation. Then, gas chromatography was used to identify and quantify the alkaloids. Results: Experiments revealed that Echium amoenum contained supinine (6.61%), europine (12.83%), and no heliotrine. Malva sylvestris had 31.68% and 3.54% heliotrine and europine, respectively and no supinine. Helicteres isora, Melissa officinalis, Triticum sp. and Rosmarinus officinalis contained 11.81, 22.16, 10.17, and 5.33% supinine and 41.51, 19.31, 55.48, and 35.44% heliotrine, respectively. None of these plants showed europine. Urtica dioica was the only plant that contained all three compounds (14.87% supinine, 30.17% heliotrine, and 5.37% europine). Conclusion: A small number of samples contained pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Therefore, there is no threat in using them. Further studies are required to investigate more herbal products.

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Journal title

volume 30  issue 191

pages  109- 114

publication date 2020-12

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